Calm down!

Fellow speaker,

When facing a hostile audience member:

• Listen, paraphrase, empathize - listen to what they have to say, repeat what they have to say using different words, "feel their pain"
• Avoid angry reactions - keep calm and focused when giving a response
• Avoid defending your statement - instead ask the person what they think

Calmly,

Tim

Some more word tricks

Fellow speaker,

Here are some more word tricks to use in your presentation:

• Antimetabole - saying words in a phrase, then reversing the order of those words, to show the contrast (e.g., "We can follow the leaders while making sure the leaders lead the followers.")
• Chiasmus - change the natural word order (e.g., "You are in my prayers always." instead of the more "natural" word order "You are always in my prayers.")
• Induction - drawing general conclusions from a few specific examples (e.g., "We know he was seen around the scene of the crime. We know his gun was used to do the killing. We know he was angry at the other man. So most likely he shot the other man.")
• Asyndeton - list words without using conjunctions (e.g., "My opponent is a gun-toting, people-hating, evil-mongering man.")

Trickily,

Tim

Some more word tricks

Fellow speaker,

Ways to speak:

• Epistrophe - repeating of words or phrases at the end of each sentence in a series (e.g., "You wanted a winner, you got John Smith. You wanted honesty, you got John Smith. You wanted trust, you got John Smith.")
• Peroration - a dramatic finish to an emotional speech (self-explanatory)
• Paraleipsis - say something and then say it was not worth saying (e.g., "You may have heard that this is a man who is involved in criminal actions and is right now under FBI investigation. I don't know anything about his honesty in these matters and will not use this information to pass judgement on him.")

In memoriam,

Tim

Fancy words

Fellow speaker,

Some different types of word use:

• Metonymy - a metaphor in which a closely associated object (or part of an object) is used to represent a larger object as a whole (e.g., "the crown" as a metaphor for "royalty")
• Alliteration - repeating initial consonant sounds (e.g., "crispy, crunchy, crazy")
• Anaphora - repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of successive sentences (e.g., "You said you would be out for a little while. You said you would come back on time. You said I could trust you.")

Fancily,

Tim

Prop-erly

Fellow speaker,

When using props:

• Have backup props available
• Change your prop plans if the props don't work the way you expect
• Only use the props you need and avoid overdoing props

With a prop,

Tim

Propping it up

Fellow speaker,

When using props:

• Write the speech before deciding what props to use
• Choose props that best fit the speech
• Use as many props as you need to get your message across

Propped,

Tim

Toasting ideas

Fellow speaker,

When toasting:

• Keep the toast to two or three lines and focused on the person you are toasting
• Avoid embarrassing events
• Speak from the heart
• End by inviting others to drink

Toasting,

Tim

Toasting tips

Fellow speaker,

When toasting:

• Traditional toasting drinks are alcoholic drinks or non-alcoholic punch
• All glasses are filled before proposing the toast
• Raise the glass in your right hand held straight out from the shoulder, looking at the person you are toasting

Still toasty,

Tim

Lightly toasted

Fellow speaker,

When making toasts:

• Before the event the host indicates who is being toasted and what is the order of the people doing the toasts 
• Usually done before or after dinner
• Get people's attention by clinking a fork against a glass

Toasted,

Tim

Connecting in

Fellow speaker,

To get the audience to "connect" with you and participate:

• Repeat - get the audience to repeat what you say
• Fill in the... - say part of a phrase and get the audience to finish the phrase
• Call and response - you say something and get the audience to respond
• Audience - talk directly to the audience

Connecting,

Tim

Getting ready

Fellow speaker,

Before giving a speech know your:

• Speaking strengths, the things you do well in your speaking
• Subject, what you will be talking about
• Sequence, the order you give your talk
• Audience, take time to get to know your audience

Ready,

Tim

Making a connection

Fellow speaker,

To connect with audience, work on your:

• Preparation before the speech
• Presentation of the speech itself
• Participation with the audience in the speech

Still connected,

Tim

Getting in the way

Fellow speaker,

Things that keep you from connecting with your audience:

• Focusing on things instead of your audience
• Focusing on ourself instead of your audience
• Trying to do to many things in your presentation

Staying focused,

Tim

Making a connection

Fellow speaker,

When you "connect in" with your audience:

• Your audience listens to you
• Your audience learns from you
• You can influence your audience

Connected,

Tim

Extra! Extra!

Fellow speaker,

Here's how to speak to the press:

• Give equal access - don't do "exclusive" reports where only one press person gets your information
• Answer the question - avoid adding to the question asked
• Call the reporter back - if a reporter calls you, call them back in a timely manner
• Get the reporters' pager number - so you can update the reporter on the story
• Hand out your business card - so reporters can contact you as needed

Reporting,

Tim

Story telling tips

Fellow speaker,

When telling your stories:

• Get your story characters talking - use vocal variety, gestures, etc. to make your story come alive
• Repeat events in the story - add length to your story by having the same events happen over and over again
• Get the audience interacting with the story - this builds audiences' "ownership" of your story
• Leave out the moral - let the audience in their mind supply their own moral to your story

Storied,

Tim

Ordered stories

Fellow speaker,

Your stories occur in this order:

1. Abstract - tell your audience generally what will happen
2. Orientation - sets up the ongoing situation before your story begins
3. Crisis - a problem, need, situation that must be solved
4. Evaluation - shows how serious the crisis is
5. Resolution - the ending of your story
6. Coda - what happens after your story ends

Ordering stories,

Tim

Begin at the end

Fellow speaker,

Start at the end of your speech when creating it. Figure out what you want your audience to get out of your speech and what effect you want your speech to have on them.

Backwards,

Tim

Frame up

Fellow speaker,

To persuade your audience reframe it. Describing familiar problems and issues in a new, positive way. This helps to open the audience up to a different, more helpful way of seeing things.

In the frame,

Tim

Model behavior

Fellow speaker,

To persuade your audience use your speech to model the behavior and results you want from your audience.

A model-ing person,

Tim

Accord-ingly

Fellow speaker,

When persuading your audience act in accord with them. Work to create a sense of commonality in the entire audience, and then use that commonality to persuade your audience of the best action.

In accord,

Tim

Have you heard the one where...

Fellow speaker,

When telling jokes:

• Use topics that relate to each other - helps you transition into the next joke
• Add in gestures and facial expressions
• Keep the joke short and to the point
• If the joke requires an accent, use on consistently through the entire joke
• Know your audience

Joking around,

Tim

Whoops!

Fellow speaker,

If you forget what you're about to say:

• Repeat - repeat the last part of your speech to yourself, to help you remember the rest of the speech
• Drink - slowly drink some water while you are thinking, this gives you extra time
• Drop - drop something onstage and then think about your speech while you are picking it up
• Ask - talk to the audience and get some feedback from them to take the focus off you and your speech
• Breathe - take a deep breath in, let it out, take another deep breath in, and relax, this will help your mind relax as well and make it easier to remember

Recovering,

Tim

I'm thinking of a speech...

Fellow speaker,

To ensure you remember your speech be fully aware when practicing your speech. For example, read your speech to yourself, read your speech out loud, and visualize both your speech and the actions in it.

Awarely connecting,

Tim

Self-promoting

Fellow speaker,

When doing a promotional speech:

• Find a place that fits with what you want to promote - for example, if you are promoting gardening equipment, you can talk at a gardening club
• Publicize the event - news release, company newsletter, TV spot, bulletin board notices, talk to friends, etc.
• Photos - give the organization publicity photos before the event and take publicity photos during the event
• Create a speech targeted for the interests of your audience - stay away from "in your face" selling, instead tell stories and share information that relates to what you are promoting
• Give aways - give away a lot of information and/or prizes to get the audience interested in you and what you are promoting
• Ask the audience - find out from the audience what they want to hear about, for example, if promoting gardening equipment, ask how many people have a personal garden
• Prepare - make sure you have enough items to sell on hand, have change, a receipt book, etc.

Promotionally,

Tim

Word Loseage

Fellow speaker,

Words to lose and words to use:

• Instead of "Can't" and "Because", use "Sure" and "As soon as"
• Instead of "But", use "And"
• Insted of "Should", use "Next time" and "From now on"
• Instead of "There's nothing", use "There's something"

Losing and using,

Tim

Opening up to you...

Fellow speaker,

Make "open" gestures that "embrace" the audience: open your arms and keep your hands out to the audience.  Throw these gestures in every now and then to make the audience feel "connected" to you and your speech.

Connecting,

Tim

Opening night

Fellow speaker,

Ways to open your speech:

• Startling statistic - quote a number or fact that gets people's attention
• Question - ask your audience a question that makes them think and/or gets them to respond
• Interesting story - tell a story relevant to your speech that gets the audience's interest
• Humor with a point - use humor to get the audience focused on your point
• Quote - quote a person who said something that relates to your speech subject

Opening up,

Tim

Here's a thought for you...

Fellow speaker,

Keep in mind:

• Clear objectives
• Know how to use your equipment (if you use equipment)
• If speaking for 2 hours or more, include break time
• Start and end on time
• Clear conclusion

Presentationally,

Tim

Next up is...

Fellow speaker,

Help your audience know what will happen next:

• Visual aids (e.g., use a prop, change to the next slide, etc. to indicate when you are moving onto another point)
• Questions - ask questions about your next subject
• Sequence - let the audience know how many points you will cover

Pushily,

Tim